Angiotensinogen II type I receptor A1166C is associated with serum sodium level and essential hypertension in Javanese population

Background and Objective: Genetic risk factors associated with essential hypertension includes the polymorphism of AGTR1 A1166C. AGTR1, a gene of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System has also been associated with dysfunctions in sodium absorption and natriuretic hormone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of AGTR1 A1166C and serum sodium level with essential hypertension within the specific ethnic group of Javanese in Sidoarjo-Indonesia. Method: This case-control study was designed as a cross-sectional study, with 106 Javanese subjects. Genotyping for AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism was done using real-time PCR and DNA sequencing, while serum sodium level, blood glucose and lipid levels were determined by standard clinical laboratory methods. Results: Our observations showed that AGTR1 A1166C, in particular the genotype AC, significantly correlated with high serum sodium level (p = 0.001) and appeared to be a risk factor for hypertension with OR 4.66 (95% CI = 1.065–21.51, p = 0.0445). Moreover, the serum sodium level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.3981, r = 0.4342, respectively, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that AGTR1 A1166C along with increased serum sodium level are major risk factors for essential hypertension in the Javanese population residing in Sidoarjo province in Indonesia.