About an Oil and Natural Gas Mining Treaty in the High Seas of the North Natuna Region with Economic, Legal and Environmental Aspects

This study thoroughly investigates the development of an oil and natural gas mining treaty in the high seas of the North Natuna region, focusing on overlapping Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claims involving Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. Analyzing the geopolitical and economic implications, the research utilizes a comprehensive methodology, including policy document scrutiny and an extensive literature review. The findings underscore the significant potential of North Natuna’s natural resources, accentuating the determination of the three nations to assert their territorial claims. Notably, tension arises from China’s Nine Dash Line claim, challenging the UNCLOS 1982 arbitral tribunal decision. The study recommends a tripartite resolution, emphasizing a robust Code of Conduct agreement. Despite diplomatic efforts, this research stresses the need for strengthening the Code of Conduct and adopting a tripartite reconciliation approach to ensure the security and sovereignty of the North Natuna region. Enforcing rights through the International Arbitration Tribunal is crucial for lasting peace, stability, and the sustainable management of oil and natural gas activities.