A Polarization Reconfigurable Slot Patch Antenna for 5G Communication

Telecommunication technology is rapidly advancing into the fifth generation (5G), evident through ongoing research and implementation globally. With a focus on high-frequency carrier spectrum needs, including the sub-6G spectrum at 3.5 GHz, 5G technology prioritizes Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems for multi-node and multi-antenna transmissions. Addressing challenges like interference and multipath fading, 5G requires features like reconfigurability, particularly in antennas, to manage polarization-related parameters. Various techniques enable polarization reconfiguration, allowing for linear polarization (LP), Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP), and Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) at desired frequencies. In this paper proposes a reconfigurable polarization antenna at 3.5 GHz, combining cross slot and truncated methods, implemented with PIN diodes for MIMO application assessment. The simulation results indicate that all four polarization states perform well at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. Each state generates polarizations such as RHCP, LHCP, linear, and elliptical. RHCP and LHCP polarizations exhibit maximum return loss below -30 dB, while linear and elliptical polarizations achieve return loss below -10 dB.