A new strategy for managing methane emission in landfills using internet of things and fuzzy sugeno logic

Methane emissions from landfill waste decomposition are a significant environmental concern due to methane's high global warming potential. Addressing this challenge requires systems that integrate real-time monitoring with active control. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based methane monitoring and control system enhanced with a zero-order Sugeno fuzzy logic controller. The prototype comprises an MQ-4 methane sensor, ESP-32 microcontroller, and output modules (LCD display, web interface, blower actuator). Sensor readings are processed via a fuzzy inference system to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals, dynamically adjusting the number and speed of blowers according to methane concentrations (0–10,000 ppm). Laboratory testing included fuzzification, rule-base development, and defuzzification to optimise actuator performance. Results show the system effectively detects and responds to methane fluctuations in real-time, categorising blower operation into low, medium, and high modes. This approach demonstrates strong potential for sustainable and cost-effective landfill methane management.