A New Species of Theloderma Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Rhacoporidae) from Central Java Allied to T. horridum (Boulenger, 1903)

Species diversity of the genus Theloderma has been extensively studied in recent decades, with the majority of newly described species hailing from the Indochina region. We describe a new species of medium-sized Theloderma based on molecular and morphological evidence from lowland forest in the southern part of Central Java Province, Indonesia, that is highly similar to and considered cryptic within the T. horridum group. A phylogenetic approach shows that this population is a distinct genetic lineage and can be distinguished from its congeners by the absence of vomerine teeth, moderate irregular blunt warts and studded with calcified asperities on the dorsal skin, a distinct color pattern, and a distinct denticle formula in the tadpole. Although the range of the new species is known only from Central Java, it cannot be ruled out that it may extends into adjacent areas, such as other parts of Java and Sumatra.