A new paradigm of regulation for massive open online courses (MOOCs) in higher education in Indonesia: From disruptive innovation to sustaining innovation

MOOCs are one of the disruptive innovation phenomena capable of destroying conventional education methods. The aim of this research is to offer solutions regarding ashift in the educational paradigm and the formulation of an anticipatory policy towards the the transformation of disruptive innovation into sustaining innovation. The results of this study indicate that MOOCs have become an alternative means of improving the quality and equity of education. The education paradigm in Indonesia is currently undergoing a transition process. The old education paradigm, which focusses on the role of lecturers conducted in the classroom, has slowly shifted into a learning process that no longer requires face-to-face meetings in the classroom. The Indonesian Government has issued several laws and regulations in regulating the Indonesian Online Learning System. However, this policy still needs a lot of improvements to develop MOOCS from disruptive innovation into sustaining innovation. This namely involves determining a new direction of the paradigm of MOOCs regulation in Indonesia, improving cooperation among stakeholders, improving infrastructure for supporting the MOOCs system, and improving the culture of digital literacy.